Thursday, April 4, 2019

How personal and environmental factors interact with each other to form System 1 and System 2?

To describe the differences between System 1 and System 2, Kahneman (2011) put forward the cognitive illusion through examining impressions and beliefs. By the Muller-Lyer illusion example, he mentioned that even though people could view the lines as equal in length by measuring or previous experiences with this experiment, they still feel hard to resist the first illusion formed by visual signals. In this process, the System 1(automatic thinking) seems to be programmed by biological functioning; however, the System 2(logical thinking) needs human's effort to change attention or prior beliefs formed through non-examined observations. In this experiment, I am thinking how many illusions we may encounter in our life without careful re-examination and how people could develop more sophisticated thinking System 2 to better resolve problems and enhance lifelong well-being.

Through what Kahneman (2011) stated, experiencing cognitive dilemmas (cognitive illusions and beliefs through examination?) seems to be a facilitator in transformation from System1 to System2. However, what factors could promote people to avoid the trap of cognitive laziness and utilize diverse tools, such as language, to seek truth (examined beliefs) behind superficial phenomenon (cognitive illusion)? From social cognitive theory, I'm thinking that what kinds of interaction between personal (cognitive, affective and biological events) and environmental factors would generate System 1 and which may contain facilitators for System 2?  From Loretta and Johana's posts, I'm thinking how System 1 and System 2 would be developed differently in child-driven play and structured learning system due to different environmental factors (e.g., tasks, goals, communications). For example, without outside judgement, it tends to be more easy for kids to achieve success based on their self-set goals which might enhance their self-efficacy. In this sense, I would consider this positive belief would fall into System1. While for kids learning in structured educational system, they still have the opportunity to achieve success, but it relies upon external assessment and requirement.  Would this success still form System 1 and how does it exert influence on later functioning of System 2?

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